bitter的经典引文

1. 痛苦的，悲惨的
2. 尖刻的，辛辣的
3. 抱怨的，极为不满的
4. 有苦味的，苦的
5. 充满仇恨的，怀恨的
6. 激烈的
7. 难堪的
8. 极冷的，严寒刺骨的
9. 辛酸的，辛苦的
10. 厉害的

1. 激烈地
2. 严寒刺骨地
3. 苦苦地，痛苦地
4. 非常，剧烈地，极其
5. 厉害地

1. 苦味，苦，苦涩
2. 辛酸
3. 苦啤酒，苦酒
4. 苦味物，苦的东西
5. 苦味药
6. 苦味大补酒
7. 配料
8. 绕缆一圈
9. 卤水
10. 苦咸水
11. 苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）

1. 把...弄苦
2. （使）变苦

1. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)
2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
3. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste

1. marked by strong resentment or cynicism;

   "an acrimonious dispute"
   "bitter about the divorce"
   

2. very difficult to accept or bear;

   "the bitter truth"
   "a bitter sorrow"
   

3. harsh or corrosive in tone;

   "an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose"
   "a barrage of acid comments"
   "her acrid remarks make her many enemies"
   "bitter words"
   "blistering criticism"
   "caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics"
   "a sulfurous denunciation"
   "a vitriolic critique"
   

4. expressive of severe grief or regret;

   "shed bitter tears"
   

5. proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity;

   "a bitter struggle"
   "bitter enemies"
   

6. causing a sharp and acrid taste experience;

   "quinine is bitter"
   

7. causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation; used especially of cold;

   "bitter cold"
   "a biting wind"
   

1. extremely and sharply;

   "it was bitterly cold"
   "bitter cold"
   

1. make bitter

1.激烈的；猛烈的；充满敌意的
In abitter argument or conflict, people argue very angrily or fight very fiercely.

e.g. ...the scene ofbitter fighting during the Second World War.
第二次世界大战期间激烈的战斗场面
e.g. ...abitter attack on the Government's failure to support manufacturing...
对支持制造业不力的猛烈抨击

2.怨恨的；愤愤不平的
If someone isbitter after a disappointing experience or after being treated unfairly, they continue to feel angry about it.

e.g. She is said to be verybitter about the way she was sacked...
据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。
e.g. His long life was marked bybitter personal and political memories.
他漫长的一生充满了关于个人生活和政治生涯的苦涩记忆。

3.（经历或感觉）令人非常失望的，痛苦的，辛酸的
Abitter experience makes you feel very disappointed. You can also usebitter to emphasize feelings of disappointment.

e.g. I think the decision was abitter blow from which he never quite recovered...
我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击，从此以后他一蹶不振。
e.g. A great deal ofbitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully...
大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦然面对失败。

4.寒冷的；刺骨的
Bitter weather, or abitter wind, is extremely cold.

e.g. Outside, abitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
外面，刺骨的东风伴着阵阵小雪。
e.g. ...after spending a night in thebitter cold.
在严寒中度过一夜之后

5.（味道）苦的
Abitter taste is sharp, not sweet, and often slightly unpleasant.

bitter的解释

e.g. The leaves taste ratherbitter.
这些叶子味道相当苦。
e.g. ...as the wine ages, losing itsbitter harshness, and becoming softer and smoother.
年深日久，酒会褪去辣味，口感变得醇和起来

6.苦啤酒
Bitter is a kind of beer that is light brown in colour.

e.g. ...a pint ofbitter.
一品脱苦啤酒

7.坚持到底；拼到底
If you say that you will continue doing somethingto the bitter end, especially something difficult or unpleasant, you are emphasizing that you will continue doing it until it is completely finished.

bitter

e.g. The guerrillas would fight to thebitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.
他说，游击队员会为实现主要目标而战斗到底。

8. abitter pill -> see pill

• bitter almonds苦杏仁
• bitter apple药西瓜
• bitter argument激烈的争论
• bitter chill刺骨的寒气
• bitter cold刺骨的寒冷
• bitter complaints愤恨的控诉
• bitter disappointment极度的失望
• bitter end最后，终结，死亡
• bitter enemies死敌
• bitter experience惨痛的教训
• bitter fighting鏖战
• bitter foes死敌
• bitter hardships难以忍受的艰辛
• bitter hatred刻骨的仇恨
• bitter lesson痛苦的教训
• bitter man不好惹的人
• bitter pill不得不吞下的苦果
• bitter quarrel激烈的争吵
• bitter sorrow极度的悲伤
• bitter taste苦味；后悔和不安的强烈感觉
• bitter wine带苦味的葡萄酒
• bitter winter寒冬
• bitter wound重伤

• taste bitter尝起来苦

• bitter about因…而痛苦
• bitter against强烈反对

• a cup of bitter一杯苦啤酒
• a pint of bitter一品脱苦啤酒

• All words..Failing to give the bitter of the sweet.

  出自：Tennyson

• Woman is a Mixture of Sweets and Bitters.

  出自：E. Jong

• All men are agreed to call vinegar sour, honey sweet, and aloes bitter.

  出自：Burke

• Without sugar or cream it was bitter as gall.

  出自：M. Mitchell

• Bitter and very toxic leaves which even goats will not sample.

  出自：Anthony Huxley

1. bitter是五味之一,主要指奎宁等药物的苦味,也指啤酒、橘皮等的苦味,即“苦味的”,这种不合意的味道渗透力强,持续时间长,难以躲避。bitter还可指“难以接受的,引起悲伤的”“怨恨的,失望的”“严寒的,刺骨的”。
2. bitter在句中可用作定语或表语。
3. more bitter和most bitter是比较常用的比较级和最高级形式，但也可用bitterest。

1. bitter用作名词时意思是用蛇麻子调味的苦啤酒。多用于英式英语中。
2. bitter是不可数名词,无复数形式。
3. “一杯苦啤酒”可说a cup〔glass〕 of bitter，也可说a bitter。